Q3 2023 Nokia Oyj Earnings Call Transcript
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to Nokia's Third Quarter 2023 Results Call. I'm David Mulholland, Head of Nokia Investor Relations. And today, with me here in Espoo, is Pekka Lundmark, our President and CEO, along with Marco Wiren, our CFO.
Before we get started, a quick disclaimer. During this call, we will be making forward-looking statements regarding our future business and financial performance, and these statements are predictions that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may therefore differ materially from the results we currently expect. Results that could cause -- factors that could cause such differences can be both external as well as internal operating factors. We have identified such risks in the Risk Factors section of our annual report on Form 20-F, which is available on our Investor Relations website.
Within today's presentation, references to growth rates will mostly be on a constant currency basis. And where we refer to margins, it will be based on our comparable reporting. Please note that our Q3
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